WHO IS PROVIDING REAL TIME INFORMATION ON CORONAVIRUS
Saturday, 21 March 2020
Friday, 13 March 2020
Pandemic-पान्डेमिक (महामारी) VS Epidemic-एपिडेमिक (स्थानीय महामारी) VS Endemic -स्थानिक
१: PANDEMIC-पान्डेमिक (महामारी)
- जब कोई बीमारी किसी एक देश या सीमा तक सीमित नहीं रहती है और दुनिया के कई देशों में बड़े पैमाने पर फैलने लगती है तो उसको महामारी घोषित किया जाता है।
- किसी बीमारी को महामारी घोषित करने के लिए कोई तय पैमाना नहीं है। किसी बीमारी से होने वाली मौत या इन्फेक्शन या उससे प्रभावित देशों की संख्या के आधार पर किसी बीमारी को महामारी नहीं घोषित किया जा सकता है।
- किसी बीमारी को महामारी घोषित करने का फैसला WHO को लेना होता है। साथ ही यह भी ध्यान रखा जाता है कि महामारी घोषित होने के बाद कोई अनावश्यक खौफ या डर की स्थिति पैदा न हो जाए। जैसे 2009 में 'स्वाइन फ्लू' को महामारी घोषित करने के बाद हुआ था।
- साल 2003 में सार्स कोरोना वायरस सामने आया था। उससे 26 देश प्रभावित हुए थे। इसके बावजूद सार्स कोरोना वायरस को महामारी घोषित नहीं किया गया था।
- महामारी घोषित करते समय एक बात और ध्यान रखी जाती है। किसी प्रभावित देश से आने वाले यात्री की वजह से अगर कुछ देशों में छिटपुट मामले सामने आते हैं तो उसको महामारी घोषित नहीं किया जाता है।
- जब कई देशों में स्थानीय स्तर पर आपस में लोगों के बीच बीमारी लगातार फैलने लगती है तब ही उसको महामारी घोषित किया जाता है।
- कोरोना वायरस को लेकर सवाल उठ रहे हैं कि इसे महामारी घोषित करने में इतना समय क्यों लगा तो कोरोना वायरस के साथ भी ऐसा ही हुआ। शुरुआत में स्थानीय स्तर पर बीमारी के फैलने के ज्यादा मामले सामने नहीं आए थे।
- जैसे साल 1918 से 1920 तक फैले स्पैनिश फ्लू को महामारी घोषित किया गया था क्योंकि इससे कई देशों में बड़ी संख्या में लोग प्रभावित हुए थे। इससे करोड़ों मौत हो गई थी।
- एपिडेमिक किसी एक देश, राज्य, क्षेत्र या सीमा तक सीमित होती है।
- 2014-15 में फैले इबोला को एपिडेमिक घोषित किया गया क्योंकि यह बीमारी लाइबेरिया और उसके पश्चिम अफ्रीका के कुछ पड़ोसी देशों में फैली थी।
- जब बीमारी किसी विशेष इलाके में लगातार अधिक या कम सीमा तक मौजूद होती हैं एंडेमिक कहते हे। .
- पोलियो एक स्थानिक बीमारी हे। .
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)- Myth busters
QUS1: COVID-19 virus can be transmitted in areas with hot and humid climates.
ANS : From the
evidence so far, the COVID-19 virus can be transmitted in ALL AREAS, including areas with
hot and humid weather. Regardless of climate, adopt protective measures if you
live in, or travel to an area reporting COVID-19. The best way to
protect yourself against COVID-19 is by frequently cleaning your hands. By
doing this you eliminate viruses that may be on your hands and avoid infection
that could occur by then touching your eyes, mouth, and nose.
QUS2: Cold weather and snow CANNOT kill the new coronavirus.
ANS: There is no reason to believe that cold weather can kill the new coronavirus or other diseases. The normal human body temperature remains around 36.5°C to 37°C, regardless of the external temperature or weather. The most effective way to protect yourself against the new coronavirus is by frequently cleaning your hands with alcohol-based hand rub or washing them with soap and water.
ANS: There is no reason to believe that cold weather can kill the new coronavirus or other diseases. The normal human body temperature remains around 36.5°C to 37°C, regardless of the external temperature or weather. The most effective way to protect yourself against the new coronavirus is by frequently cleaning your hands with alcohol-based hand rub or washing them with soap and water.
QUS3: Taking a hot bath does not prevent the new coronavirus disease.
ANS: Taking a hot bath will not prevent you from catching COVID-19. Your normal body temperature remains around 36.5°C to 37°C, regardless of the temperature of your bath or shower. Actually, taking a hot bath with extremely hot water can be harmful, as it can burn you. The best way to protect yourself against COVID-19 is by frequently cleaning your hands. By doing this you eliminate viruses that may be on your hands and avoid infection that coud occur by then touching your eyes, mouth, and nose.
ANS: Taking a hot bath will not prevent you from catching COVID-19. Your normal body temperature remains around 36.5°C to 37°C, regardless of the temperature of your bath or shower. Actually, taking a hot bath with extremely hot water can be harmful, as it can burn you. The best way to protect yourself against COVID-19 is by frequently cleaning your hands. By doing this you eliminate viruses that may be on your hands and avoid infection that coud occur by then touching your eyes, mouth, and nose.
QUS4: The new coronavirus CANNOT be transmitted through mosquito bites.
ANS: To date there has been no information nor evidence to suggest that the new coronavirus could be transmitted by mosquitoes. The new coronavirus is a respiratory virus which spreads primarily through droplets generated when an infected person coughs or sneezes, or through droplets of saliva or discharge from the nose. To protect yourself, clean your hands frequently with an alcohol-based hand rub or wash them with soap and water. Also, avoid close contact with anyone who is coughing and sneezing.
ANS: To date there has been no information nor evidence to suggest that the new coronavirus could be transmitted by mosquitoes. The new coronavirus is a respiratory virus which spreads primarily through droplets generated when an infected person coughs or sneezes, or through droplets of saliva or discharge from the nose. To protect yourself, clean your hands frequently with an alcohol-based hand rub or wash them with soap and water. Also, avoid close contact with anyone who is coughing and sneezing.
QUS5: Are hand dryers effective in killing the new coronavirus?
ANS: No. Hand dryers are not effective in killing the 2019-nCoV. To protect yourself against the new coronavirus, you should frequently clean your hands with an alcohol-based hand rub or wash them with soap and water. Once your hands are cleaned, you should dry them thoroughly by using paper towels or a warm air dryer.
ANS: No. Hand dryers are not effective in killing the 2019-nCoV. To protect yourself against the new coronavirus, you should frequently clean your hands with an alcohol-based hand rub or wash them with soap and water. Once your hands are cleaned, you should dry them thoroughly by using paper towels or a warm air dryer.
QUS6: Can an ultraviolet disinfection lamp kill the new coronavirus?
ANS:UV lamps should not be used to sterilize hands or other areas of skin as UV radiation can cause skin irritation.
ANS:UV lamps should not be used to sterilize hands or other areas of skin as UV radiation can cause skin irritation.
QUS7:How effective are thermal scanners in detecting people infected with the new coronavirus?
ANS: Thermal scanners are effective in detecting people who have developed a fever (i.e. have a higher than normal body temperature) because of infection with the new coronavirus.
However, they cannot detect people who are infected but are not yet sick with fever. This is because it takes between 2 and 10 days before people who are infected become sick and develop a fever.
ANS: Thermal scanners are effective in detecting people who have developed a fever (i.e. have a higher than normal body temperature) because of infection with the new coronavirus.
However, they cannot detect people who are infected but are not yet sick with fever. This is because it takes between 2 and 10 days before people who are infected become sick and develop a fever.
QUS8: Can spraying alcohol or chlorine all over your body kill the new coronavirus?
ANS: No. Spraying alcohol or chlorine all over your body will not kill viruses that have already entered your body. Spraying such substances can be harmful to clothes or mucous membranes (i.e. eyes, mouth). Be aware that both alcohol and chlorine can be useful to disinfect surfaces, but they need to be used under appropriate recommendations.
ANS: No. Spraying alcohol or chlorine all over your body will not kill viruses that have already entered your body. Spraying such substances can be harmful to clothes or mucous membranes (i.e. eyes, mouth). Be aware that both alcohol and chlorine can be useful to disinfect surfaces, but they need to be used under appropriate recommendations.
QUS9: Do vaccines against pneumonia protect you against the new coronavirus?
ANS: No. Vaccines against pneumonia, such as pneumococcal vaccine and Haemophilus influenza type B (Hib) vaccine, do not provide protection against the new coronavirus.
The virus is so new and different that it needs its own vaccine. Researchers are trying to develop a vaccine against 2019-nCoV, and WHO is supporting their efforts.
Although these vaccines are not effective against 2019-nCoV, vaccination against respiratory illnesses is highly recommended to protect your health.
ANS: No. Vaccines against pneumonia, such as pneumococcal vaccine and Haemophilus influenza type B (Hib) vaccine, do not provide protection against the new coronavirus.
The virus is so new and different that it needs its own vaccine. Researchers are trying to develop a vaccine against 2019-nCoV, and WHO is supporting their efforts.
Although these vaccines are not effective against 2019-nCoV, vaccination against respiratory illnesses is highly recommended to protect your health.
QUS10: Can regularly rinsing your nose with saline help prevent infection with the new coronavirus?
ANS: No. There is no evidence that regularly rinsing the nose with saline has protected people from infection with the new coronavirus.
There is some limited evidence that regularly rinsing nose with saline can help people recover more quickly from the common cold. However, regularly rinsing the nose has not been shown to prevent respiratory infections.
ANS: No. There is no evidence that regularly rinsing the nose with saline has protected people from infection with the new coronavirus.
There is some limited evidence that regularly rinsing nose with saline can help people recover more quickly from the common cold. However, regularly rinsing the nose has not been shown to prevent respiratory infections.
QUS11: Can eating garlic help prevent infection with the new coronavirus?
ANS: Garlic is a healthy food that may have some antimicrobial properties. However, there is no evidence from the current outbreak that eating garlic has protected people from the new coronavirus.
ANS: Garlic is a healthy food that may have some antimicrobial properties. However, there is no evidence from the current outbreak that eating garlic has protected people from the new coronavirus.
QUS12: Does the new coronavirus affect older people, or are younger people also susceptible?
People of all ages can be infected by the new coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Older people, and people with pre-existing medical conditions (such as asthma, diabetes, heart disease) appear to be more vulnerable to becoming severely ill with the virus.
WHO advises people of all ages to take steps to protect themselves from the virus, for example by following good hand hygiene and good respiratory hygiene.
People of all ages can be infected by the new coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Older people, and people with pre-existing medical conditions (such as asthma, diabetes, heart disease) appear to be more vulnerable to becoming severely ill with the virus.
WHO advises people of all ages to take steps to protect themselves from the virus, for example by following good hand hygiene and good respiratory hygiene.
QUS13: Are antibiotics effective in preventing and treating the new coronavirus?
ANS: No, antibiotics do not work against viruses, only bacteria.
The new coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is a virus and, therefore, antibiotics should not be used as a means of prevention or treatment.
However, if you are hospitalized for the 2019-nCoV, you may receive antibiotics because bacterial co-infection is possible.
ANS: No, antibiotics do not work against viruses, only bacteria.
The new coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is a virus and, therefore, antibiotics should not be used as a means of prevention or treatment.
However, if you are hospitalized for the 2019-nCoV, you may receive antibiotics because bacterial co-infection is possible.
QUS14: Are there any specific medicines to prevent or treat the new coronavirus?
To date, there is no specific medicine recommended to prevent or treat the new coronavirus (2019-nCoV).
However, those infected with the virus should receive appropriate care to relieve and treat symptoms, and those with severe illness should receive optimized supportive care. Some specific treatments are under investigation, and will be tested through clinical trials. WHO is helping to accelerate research and development efforts with a range or partners.
To date, there is no specific medicine recommended to prevent or treat the new coronavirus (2019-nCoV).
However, those infected with the virus should receive appropriate care to relieve and treat symptoms, and those with severe illness should receive optimized supportive care. Some specific treatments are under investigation, and will be tested through clinical trials. WHO is helping to accelerate research and development efforts with a range or partners.
BE INFORMED AND BE SAFE
HOW TO PROTECT YOURSELF FROM CORONAVIRUS
Basic protective measures against coronavirus
1 : Wash your hands frequently
Regularly and thoroughly clean your hands with an alcohol-based hand rub or washthem with soap and water.
Why? Washing your hands with soap and water or using alcohol-based hand rub kills
viruses that may be on your hands.
2: Maintain social distancing
Maintain at least 1 metre (3 feet) distance between yourself and anyone who is coughingor sneezing.
Why? When someone coughs or sneezes they spray small liquid droplets from their
nose or mouth which may contain virus. If you are too close, you can breathe in the
droplets, including the COVID-19 virus if the person coughing has the disease.
3: Avoid touching eyes, nose and mouth
Why? Hands touch many surfaces and can pick up viruses. Once contaminated,hands can transfer the virus to your eyes, nose or mouth. From there, the virus can
enter your body and can make you sick.
4 :Practice respiratory hygiene
Make sure you, and the people around you, follow good respiratory hygiene. This meanscovering your mouth and nose with your bent elbow or tissue when you cough or
sneeze.Then dispose of the used tissue immediately.
Why? Droplets spread virus. By following good respiratory hygiene you protect the
people around you from viruses such as cold, flu and COVID-19.
5: If you have fever, cough and difficulty breathing, seek medical care
early
Stay home if you feel unwell. If you have a fever, cough and difficulty breathing, seekmedical attention and call in advance. Follow the directions of your local health authority.
Why? National and local authorities will have the most up to date information on the
situation in your area. Calling in advance will allow your health care provider to quickly
direct you to the right health facility. This will also protect you and help prevent spread of
viruses and other infections.
6: Stay informed and follow advice given by your healthcare provider
Stay informed on the latest developments about COVID-19. Follow advice given by yourhealthcare provider, your national and local public health authority or your employer on
how to protect yourself and others from COVID-19.
Why? National and local authorities will have the most up to date information on
whether COVID-19 is spreading in your area. They are best placed to advise on what
people in your area should be doing to protect themselves.
7: Protection measures for persons who are in or have recently visited
(past 14 days) areas where COVID-19 is spreading
- Follow the guidance outlined above.
- Stay at home if you begin to feel unwell, even with mild symptoms such as headache and slight runny nose, until you recover. Why? Avoiding contact with others and visits to medical facilities will allow these facilities to operate more effectively and help protect you and others from possible COVID-19 and other viruses.
- If you develop fever, cough and difficulty breathing, seek medical advice promptly as this may be due to a respiratory infection or other serious condition. Call in advance and tell your provider of any recent travel or contact with travelers. Why? Calling in advance will allow your health care provider to quickly direct you to the right health facility. This will also help to prevent possible spread of COVID-19 and other viruses.
Recent Health Outbreaks and emergencies in India
Recent Health Outbreaks and emergencies in India
1: Zika virus infection
On 15 May 2017, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare-Government of India (MoHFW) reported three laboratory-confirmed cases of Zika virus disease in Bapunagar area, Ahmedabad District, Gujarat, State, India.The routine laboratory surveillance detected a laboratory-confirmed case of Zika virus disease through RT-PCR test at B.J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat. The etiology of this case has been further confirmed through a positive RT-PCR test and sequencing at the national reference laboratory, National Institute of Virology (NIV), Pune on 4 January 2017 (case 2, below). Two additional cases (case 1 and case 3), have then been identified through the Acute Febrile Illness (AFI) and the Antenatal clinic (ANC) surveillance. The cases are reported below in chronological order:
- Case 1**: A 34-year-old female, delivered a clinically well baby at BJMC in Ahmedabad on 9 November 2016. During her hospital stay, she developed a low grade fever after delivery. No history of fever during pregnancy and no history of travel for the past three months was reported. A sample from the patient was referred to the Viral Research & Diagnostic Laboratory (VRDL) at the BJMC for dengue testing and thereafter found to be positive for Zika virus. She was discharged after one week (on 16 November 2016). The sample was re-confirmed as Zika virus positive by RT-PCR and sequencing at NIV, Pune.
- Case 2**: During the Antenatal clinic (ANC) surveillance between 6 and 12 January 2017, a total of 111 blood samples were collected at BJMC. One sample from a 22-year-old pregnant female in her 37th week of pregnancy has been tested positive for Zika virus disease.
- Case 3**: During the Acute Febrile Illness (AFI) surveillance between 10 to 16 February 2017*, a total of 93 blood samples were collected at BJ Medical College (BJMC), Ahmedabad, Gujarat State. One sample from a 64-year-old male presenting with febrile illness of 8 days’ duration (negative for dengue infection) was found to be positive for Zika virus at BJMC, Ahmedabad. This is the first Zika positive case reported through AFI surveillance at BJMC, Ahmedabad, Gujarat State.
2: Nipah virus
As of 17 July 2018, a total of 19 Nipah virus (NiV) cases, including 17 deaths, were reported from Kerala State: 18 of the cases were laboratory-confirmed and the deceased index case was suspected to have NiV but could not be tested. The outbreak was localized to two districts in Kerala State: Kozhikode and Malappuram. No new cases or deaths have been reported since 1 June 2018 and, as of 30 July, human-to-human transmission of NiV has been contained in Kerala State.As reported in the Disease Outbreak News published on 31 May 2018, three deaths due to NiV infection were reported on 19 May from Kozhikode District, Kerala State. Three of the four reported deaths were confirmed positive for NiV by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and IgM ELISA for NiV.
Two patients recovered completely and were discharged from the hospital. Acute respiratory distress syndrome and encephalitis were observed among the patients infected. This was the first NiV outbreak reported in Kerala State and the third NiV outbreak known to have occurred in India; the two previous outbreaks occurred in the state of West Bengal in 2001 and 2007.
3: Outbreak of Coronavirus
India SituationAs of 09 March, a total of 44 confirmed cases have been reported from India. This includes: Delhi (4),
Haryana (14), Jammu (1), Kerala (9), Ladakh (2), Punjab (1), Rajasthan (2), Tamil Nadu (1), Telangana
(1), Uttar Pradesh (9). Of these, 16 are foreign nationals. The 6 new cases from Kerala, are in addition
to the 3 cases, that have already recovered. Hospital isolation of the cases, tracing and home quarantine
of their contacts is ongoing, in the states from where cases have been reported.
All states are on high alert, for early detection and management of any further cases. As of 08 March,
there are 52 laboratories identified by the Indian Council of Medical Research, for testing of COVID-19.
A total of 57 laboratories have been identified to support sample collection and referral.
The Prime Minister is personally monitoring the preparedness and response. The Union Health and
Family Welfare Minister (HFM) is reviewing the situation daily. A Group of Ministers chaired by HFM has
been constituted to review the progress and measures taken for containment. In a suo-moto speech on
05 March, HFM provided an update on the global situation of COVID-19, number of cases in India and
the actions taken by the Government to contain further spread. He updated the house regarding
screening of passengers in airport, seaports and minor ports. Through integrated disease surveillance
system, a total of 28,529 persons were monitored under community surveillance. He updated on another
successful evacuation in bringing back 124 people including 5 foreign nationals from the COVID-19
infected cruise ship. He informed of the strengthened laboratory capacity in the country.
As per the latest India travel advisory, all international passengers irrespective of nationality are
mandated to undergo universal medical screening. Adequate screening measures have been setup and
nine more airports have been added to the existing 21, bringing the total to 30 airports. As on 9 March,
a total of 9,41,717 international passengers from 8,827 flights have been screened at airports. 1,921
passengers were identified as symptomatic and 177 of them have been hospitalized. 33,599 are under
observation while 21,867 have completed observation period (press release 9 March). Screening of
passengers is also being done in 12 major seaports and 65 minor ports in the country.
Monday, 9 March 2020
कोरोना के लक्षण
कोरोना के लक्षण
फेफड़े पर हमला
वुहान के जिन्यिन्तान हॉस्पिटल में जिन 99 मरीज़ों को लाया गया था, उनमें निमोनिया के लक्षण थे.इन मरीज़ों के फेफड़े में तकलीफ़ थी और फेफड़े की वो जगह, जहां से ऑक्सिजन रक्त में प्रवाह जाता है वहां पानी भर हुआ था.
दूसरे लक्षण
1: बुखार
2: खांसी
3: सांस की तकलीफ़
4. मांसपेशियों में दर्द
5: सर दर्द.
6: गले में फोड़े की समस्या
Coronavirus - कोरोनावायरस
Coronavirus - कोरोनावायरस
कोरोना वायरस क्या है?
कोरोना वायरस को लेकर कई भ्रांतियां भी फैल रही हैं! अगर आप कोरोना वायरस के बारे में जानना चाहते हैं तो डब्ल्यूएचओ ने तेजी से फैल रहे इस वायरस को सी-फूड से जुड़ा है. कोरोना वायरस से से लोग बीमार हो रहे हैं क्योंकि विषाणुओं का एक समूह है जो शरीर को सीधा इफेक्ट कर सकता है! यह वायरस ऊंट, बिल्ली तथा चमगादड़ सहित कई पशुओं में भी फैल रहा है.क्या कोरोना वायरस एक से दूसरे इंसान में फैलता है?
डब्ल्यूएचओ ने इस बात की पूरी संभावना व्यक्त की है कि कोरोना वायरस बेहद नजदीकी संपर्क में रहने वाले दो इंसानों में एक से दूसरे में संक्रमित हो सकता है.कहां से आया कोरोना वायरस?
इस वायरस के फैलने की शुरुआत चीन से हुई है. चीन के हुवेई प्रांत के वुहान शहर में इसका सबसे ज्यादा प्रकोप देखने को मिला है. चीन के साथ ही जापान, थाईलैंड, सिंगापुर में कोरोना वायरस के मरीज मिले हैं. इंग्लैंड में एक ही परिवार के तीन सदस्य किसी वायरस से संक्रमित हो गए.
क्या
है कोरोना वायरस?
कोरोना वायरस (सीओवी) का संबंध वायरस के ऐसे परिवार से है, जिसके संक्रमण
से जुकाम से लेकर सांस लेने में तकलीफ जैसी समस्या हो सकती है. इस वायरस को
पहले कभी नहीं देखा गया है. इस वायरस का संक्रमण दिसंबर में चीन के वुहान
में शुरू हुआ था. डब्लूएचओ के मुताबिक, बुखार, खांसी, सांस लेने में तकलीफ
इसके लक्षण हैं. अब तक इस वायरस को फैलने से रोकने वाला कोई टीका नहीं बना
है.
क्या हैं इस बीमारी के लक्षण?
इसके संक्रमण के फलस्वरूप बुखार, जुकाम, सांस लेने में तकलीफ, नाक बहना और
गले में खराश जैसी समस्या उत्पन्न होती हैं. यह वायरस एक व्यक्ति से दूसरे
व्यक्ति में फैलता है. इसलिए इसे लेकर बहुत सावधानी बरती जा रही है. यह
वायरस दिसंबर में सबसे पहले चीन में पकड़ में आया था. इसके दूसरे देशों में
पहुंच जाने की आशंका जताई जा रही है.
क्या हैं इससे बचाव के उपाय?
स्वास्थ्य मंत्रालय ने कोरोना वायरस से बचने के लिए दिशानिर्देश जारी
किए हैं. इनके मुताबिक, हाथों को साबुन से धोना चाहिए. अल्कोहल आधारित
हैंड रब का इस्तेमाल भी किया जा सकता है. खांसते और छीकते समय नाक और मुंह
रूमाल या टिश्यू पेपर से ढककर रखें. जिन व्यक्तियों में कोल्ड और फ्लू
के लक्षण हों उनसे दूरी बनाकर रखें. अंडे और मांस के सेवन से बचें. जंगली
जानवरों के संपर्क में आने से बचें.
क्या
है कोरोना वायरस?
कोरोना वायरस (सीओवी) का संबंध वायरस के ऐसे परिवार से है, जिसके संक्रमण
से जुकाम से लेकर सांस लेने में तकलीफ जैसी समस्या हो सकती है. इस वायरस को
पहले कभी नहीं देखा गया है. इस वायरस का संक्रमण दिसंबर में चीन के वुहान
में शुरू हुआ था. डब्लूएचओ के मुताबिक, बुखार, खांसी, सांस लेने में तकलीफ
इसके लक्षण हैं. अब तक इस वायरस को फैलने से रोकने वाला कोई टीका नहीं बना
है.
रानी लक्ष्मी बाई
रानी लक्ष्मी बाई
लक्ष्मीबाई का जन्म वाराणसी में 19 नवम्बर 1828 को हुआ था। उनका बचपन का नाम मणिकर्णिका था लेकिन प्यार से उन्हें मनु कहा जाता था।
उनकी माँ का नाम भागीरथीबाई तथा पिता का नाम मोरोपन्त तांबे था। मोरोपन्त एक मराठी थे और मराठा बाजीराव की सेवा में थे।
मणिकर्णिका का ब्याह झांसी के महाराजा राजा गंगाधर राव नेवलकर से हुआ और देवी लक्ष्मी पर उनका नाम लक्ष्मीबाई पड़ा. बेटे को जन्म दिया, लेकिन 4 माह का होते ही उसका निधन हो गया. राजा गंगाधर ने अपने चचेरे भाई का बच्चा गोद लिया और उसे दामोदार राव नाम दिया गया.
संघर्ष : 27 फरवरी 1854 को लार्ड डलहौजी ने गोद की नीति के अंतर्गत दत्तकपुत्र दामोदर राव की गोद अस्वीकृत कर दी और झांसी को अंगरेजी राज्य में मिलाने की घोषणा कर दी। पोलेटिकल एजेंट की सूचना पाते ही रानी के मुख से यह वाक्य प्रस्फुटित हो गया, 'मैं अपनी झांसी नहीं दूंगी'। 7 मार्च 1854 को झांसी पर अंगरेजों का अधिकार हुआ। झांसी की रानी ने पेंशन अस्वीकृत कर दी व नगर के राजमहल में निवास करने लगीं।
यहीं से भारत की प्रथम स्वाधीनता क्रांति का बीज प्रस्फुटित हुआ। अंगरेजों की राज्य लिप्सा की नीति से उत्तरी भारत के नवाब और राजे-महाराजे असंतुष्ट हो गए और सभी में विद्रोह की आग भभक उठी। रानी लक्ष्मीबाई ने इसको स्वर्णावसर माना और क्रांति की ज्वालाओं को अधिक सुलगाया तथा अंगरेजों के विरुद्ध विद्रोह करने की योजना बनाई।
विद्रोह : भारत की जनता में विद्रोह की ज्वाला भभक गई।
समस्त देश में सुसंगठित और सुदृढ रूप से क्रांति को कार्यान्वित करने की
तिथि 31 मई 1857 निश्चित की गई, लेकिन इससे पूर्व ही क्रांति की ज्वाला
प्रज्ज्वलित हो गई और 7 मई 1857 को मेरठ में तथा 4 जून 1857 को कानपुर में,
भीषण विप्लव हो गए। कानपुर तो 28 जून 1857 को पूर्ण स्वतंत्र हो गया।
अंगरेजों के कमांडर सर ह्यूरोज ने अपनी सेना को सुसंगठित कर विद्रोह दबाने
का प्रयत्न किया।
उन्होंने सागर, गढ़कोटा, शाहगढ़, मदनपुर, मडखेड़ा, वानपुर और तालबेहट पर
अधिकार कियाऔर नृशंसतापूर्ण अत्याचार किए। फिर झांसी की ओर अपना कदम बढ़ाया
और अपना मोर्चा कैमासन पहाड़ी के मैदान में पूर्व और दक्षिण के मध्य लगा
लिया।
लक्ष्मीबाई पहले से ही सतर्क थीं और वानपुर के राजा मर्दनसिंह से भी इस
युद्ध की सूचना तथा उनके आगमन की सूचना प्राप्त हो चुकी थी। 23 मार्च 1858
को झांसी का ऐतिहासिक युद्ध आरंभ हुआ। कुशल तोपची गुलाम गौस खां ने झांसी
की रानी के आदेशानुसार तोपों के लक्ष्य साधकर ऐसे गोले फेंके कि पहली बार
में ही अंगरेजी सेना के छक्के छूट गए।
रानी लक्ष्मीबाई ने सात दिन तक वीरतापूर्वक झांसी की सुरक्षा की और अपनी
छोटी-सी सशस्त्र सेना से अंगरेजों का बड़ी बहादुरी से मुकाबला किया। रानी ने
खुलेरूप से शत्रु का सामना किया और युद्ध में अपनी वीरता का परिचय दिया।
वे अकेले ही अपनी पीठ के पीछे दामोदर राव को कसकर घोड़े पर सवार हो,
अंगरेजों से युद्ध करती रहीं। बहुत दिन तक युद्ध का क्रम इस प्रकार चलना
असंभव था। सरदारों का आग्रह मानकर रानी ने कालपी प्रस्थान किया। वहां जाकर
वे शांत नहीं बैठीं।
उन्होंने नाना साहब और उनके योग्य सेनापति तात्या टोपे से संपर्क स्थापित
किया और विचार-विमर्श किया। रानी की वीरता और साहस का लोहा अंगरेज मान गए,
लेकिन उन्होंने रानी का पीछा किया। रानी का घोड़ा बुरी तरह घायल हो गया और
अंत में वीरगति को प्राप्त हुआ, लेकिन रानी ने साहस नहीं छोड़ा और शौर्य का
प्रदर्शन किया।
कालपी में महारानी और तात्या टोपे ने योजना बनाई और अंत में नाना साहब,
शाहगढ़ के राजा, वानपुर के राजा मर्दनसिंह आदि सभी ने रानी का साथ दिया।
रानी ने ग्वालियर पर आक्रमण किया और वहां के किले पर अधिकार कर लिया।
विजयोल्लास का उत्सव कई दिनों तक चलता रहा लेकिन रानी इसके विरुद्ध थीं। यह
समय विजय का नहीं था, अपनी शक्ति को सुसंगठित कर अगला कदम बढ़ाने का था।
सेनापति सर ह्यूरोज अपनी सेना के साथ संपूर्ण
शक्ति से रानी का पीछा करता रहा और आखिरकार वह दिन भी आ गया जब उसने
ग्वालियर का किला घमासान युद्ध करके अपने कब्जे में ले लिया। रानी
लक्ष्मीबाई इस युद्ध में भी अपनी कुशलता का परिचय देती रहीं। 18 जून 1858
को ग्वालियर का अंतिम युद्ध हुआ और रानी ने अपनी सेना का कुशल नेतृत्व
किया। वे घायल हो गईं और अंततः उन्होंने वीरगति प्राप्त की। रानी
लक्ष्मीबाई ने स्वातंत्र्य युद्ध में अपने जीवन की अंतिम आहूति देकर जनता
जनार्दन को चेतना प्रदान की और स्वतंत्रता के लिए बलिदान का संदेश दिया।
18 जून 1858 को ग्वालियर के पास कोटा की सराय में ब्रितानी सेना से
लड़ते-लड़ते रानी लक्ष्मीबाई की मृत्यु हो गई। लड़ाई की रिपोर्ट में
ब्रितानी जनरल ह्यूरोज़ ने टिप्पणी की कि रानी लक्ष्मीबाई अपनी सुन्दरता,
चालाकी और दृढ़ता के लिये उल्लेखनीय तो थी ही, विद्रोही नेताओं में सबसे
अधिक ख़तरनाक भी थी।
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)